The Evolution of Anticruelty Laws - 950 Words

Soon, many groups were concerned about how animals were being treated. Anticruelty laws were first passed in Great Britain. The United States quickly followed, responding to the animal welfare groups; insisting that the government needed to act to prevent unnecessary cruelty to animals (Judson 20). This movement grew rapidly across the United States. In 1829, New York passed the first anticruelty law prohibiting the malicious injuring or killing or farm animals such as horses, oxen, cattle or sheep. By 1907, every single American state had passed anticruelty acts. By 1923, most states prohibited the practice of neglecting and abandonment, cockfighting, and some types of hunting methods of animals (Judson 21). Throughout the 1800s, animal welfare groups in Great Britain and the United States pushed for their governments to pass laws to protect animals from methods such as slaughter and animal experimentation. In 1824, welfare groups in London were already being formed. The first socie ty was formed, called the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Guither 2). Later, in 1835, public policy was passed in Great Britain to â€Å"consolidate and amend the several laws relation to the cruelty and improper treatment of animals† (Guither 2). Decades later, in 1911, Parliament passed the Protection of Animals Acts, which is still n effect today. Harold D. Guither, author of the book Animal Rights: History and Scope of a Radical Social Movement, describes this act, station

An Analysis Of The Of The Night By F. Scott...

It s been a few days since Aaron and I almost had sex and I regret it. Not the almost sex, but the fact that we didn t have sex. However, I was also glad because unlike Hades, Aryan didn t force me to have sex. Not that Aryan is anything like Hades. Hades is a fucking monster and compared to him, Aryan is an angel sent from Heaven. I also remember when Aryan indirectly confessed his love for me but I think it was mostly the lust talking. I mean, we only know each other for a couple of weeks now. Hardly any time to know someone and fall in love with them, I guess. I know what I feel for him is more than a little infactuation and I think he feels the same way. Maybe after living with me for a few more weeks will make him see that I am just a broken girl who can t ever be loved because of all the things I have done, even if the said things were done against my will. However, the thought of him being in love with me gives me goosebumps every single time. I know I can fall in love with him if I spend a little more time with him but that s me. I love everything and I find good in everyone. Too bad, I suffered because of Hades. The past me was a happy-go-lucky girl but the time changed everything in me or so I think, anyways. Being near Aryan is bringing the old me back and I can t decide if I like it or not. Boo! I gasped and quickly turned around only to find Agent Waters laughing while Aryan was standing behind him with a serious face. Oi! I exclaimed. DonShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Night Of The Flies By F. Scott Fitzgerald989 Words   |  4 Pagestired wit and dreadful chuckles of each man at the table, they continued to play. The police pulled the latch from the door, opening it to the pitiful sight of the gathering. With little persistentance and pocket watches at waist ticking towards the night. The police came along Chaining each of them and hardly being able to place chains upon the shaking hands of the boy. Sized up by sandy hair, and look of panic well dressed by the hem of his coat and the cold of his skin; one would hardly find troubleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald814 Words   |  4 PagesJeremy,   You make me smile and you aren t even here... I love you SO MUCH JEREMY.   The day I landed  in front  of you,  Your cupid BASICALLY was sitting on your lap that day flexing his biceps and my cupid was nowhere to be found. Until I looked in your eyes Yours did a little number on his harp. Well of course mine flamboyantly climbed out of me slowly, dusted himself off, slowly stretching and opening his eyes. Yours grabbed him by his wings quite fiercely,  French kissed him, chest bumped, hipRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay773 Words   |  4 Pagesconsciousness? What does the narrator suggest by using this simile and subsequent description? â€Å"From these latter attacks I awoke slowly. Just as the day dawns to the friendless and houseless beggar who roams the streets throughout the long desolate winter night—just so tardily—just so wearily—just so cheerily came back the light of the Soul to me.† It suggests another reason for his dark and twisted mindset. 4. As the narrator experiences fear, what techniques does Poe use to create suspense for the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald1182 Words   |  5 PagesSusan and Beth continued to share a bedroom in Texas, and a bit of mischief was never far behind. ~ Throughout the house, the soft sounds of a hard ball dropping into a mitt could be heard over and over again. Walking around or lying on the floor watching TV, Sam tossed his only baseball all summer long. Sam the Pro, was always organizing a baseball game down at the church lot, the furthest distance the two youngest were allowed to go from their backyard. He was always the captain, always the pitcherRead MoreAnalysis Of The End Of The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesenveloping darkness. It was proof he wasn’t ready to give up, no matter how hard the road ahead might be, and it was that distant glimmer that kept him pushing forward, one slow step at a time toward wellness. He was nervous about his upcoming boys’ night out with Doug, and while he recognized it wasn’t a huge leap forward, it was a leap forward nonetheless, and he felt immensely proud of himself for agreeing to it. Only a few days ago, he would have conjured up som e lame excuse as to why he couldn’tRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald1503 Words   |  7 Pagesfinally have you home again!† Dad exclaimed, giving me a hug before we took our places at the table. We exchanged stories as we ate our food. I told everyone how I got expelled and James and Sirius told me what that had been doing all summer. That night I went to bed exhausted from the long day it had been. Boy was this year going to be great. Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Of The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald1514 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"....What?† Kaz looked up at Ocelot from the pile of papers that he was working on his desk. â€Å"What you heard, Miller. Do I need to repeat it?† Ocelot sat at the edge of the desk on Kaz’s side crossing his legs. He always did this when he wanted a favor from the Commander. Kaz put his pen down and looked up at him. â€Å"I thought I just heard that you wanted me to help you hook up Quiet with Buffalo.† â€Å"Right.† â€Å"No way† Kaz declined Ocelot’s proposal and turned his attention back to the orders ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald1371 Words   |  6 Pages -Flashback- Come on Madison lets go play Nathan smiled pulling me up from the couch. I sighed and followed him outside to where the other pack kids were playing. Cameron looked over and smiled running over to Nathan and I. You guys want to play catch with me and the guys? Nathan grinned and nodded dragging me along. Ok so let s pick team captains. One of Cameron s friends happily volunteered along with Cameron and they proceeded picking people to be on their teamsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald971 Words   |  4 PagesTeacher Ashley comes in, Samantha begins to run up to her; Teacher Ashley bends down to meet Samantha’s height and says â€Å"Hi, Samantha! How are you, friend? I missed you so much!†. Samantha responds â€Å"Good!† and opens her arms, embracing Teacher Ashley. Analysis Samantha’s actions express signs of physical development through the two types of motor skills; gross motor and fine motor. Samantha has demonstrated development of gross motor skills,which according to Berk(107), â€Å"refers to the control over actionsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesI only call you when it’s half past five This time when Lance is able to open his eyes, he’s not being dragged. He’s not even in the desert anymore. He’s in a house, or something like that. He knows he’s on a couch, staring at a blank, wooden ceiling. He conjures the strength to lift himself with his arm. He scans the room, he sees the music pod sitting on the table in front of him. Right next to the music pod is the gun. He looks down to his leg, it’s wrapped neatly with a bandage. It looks

Influence of Role Models on Children Free Essays

A role model is someone looked up to and held in high esteem. They are often emulated and referred to for guidance. Children being very influential can be heavily affected by their role models. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Role Models on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now A role model for a child is someone seen as big and great in their eyes. Whoever the role model may be, children will pick up actions, words and mannerisms from them. It affects them in every way, how they deal with people, their dress, and vocabulary and how they aspire to be. Role models can have positive or negative effect on children depending upon the role model and others’ definition of what is good and what isn’t. * Where do children get their role models from? Depending upon the environment, personality of and upbringing of the child, their role models can differ greatly. Some children’s role models are pop singers and actors, they are often ones that are popular in media culture and invariably the children’s friends would have had an additional effect in affirming the role models. Some role models are noble, in that they are healthy to be role models for the child; uch noble role models include parents, family members, people who do a lot of charity work or work with animals and people who help communities. These role models are formed from knowledge about them, from the child’s environment or from hearing stories about them from others. Children learn from their environment and are well-known to be like sponges that soak up all what they see and hear. How role models affect children Vocabulary Some negative role models that often swear or use derogatory words can affect the children who take them as role models by influencing them to start swearing and use ad language or curse words. Alternatively positive role models can help in teaching children to be polite in speech. Dress Children can seek to copy the fashion of their role models; this is usually the case for role models obtained from the media, cartoons, TV presenters, movies or pop singers. These role models are also affirmed by other children at school, often making it fashionable and cool to be like a certain singer. This can cause children to dress inappropriately for their age and cause temper tantrums. Again it does depend who he role model is, therefore it could be a positive change or modest way of dress which does not seek to harm the child in anyway. Behaviour Popular role models popularized by the media today such as various pop singers do not always have the best of ethics or values that parents wish their children to have. A child can start to emulate the behaviour and attitude of the role model influencing what the child does and if they get into trouble or not. On the other hand, if the role model is one which parents consider positive, this can have positive effects on raising he child with good mannerisms and encouraging them to do well. Role models can greatly affect children from their dress, way of thinking, speech and behavior. A role model can have a positive or negative effect upon the child. Popular role models taken by many children today are often those publicized by the media such as various pop singers, sports stars or actors. Children can be deeply influenced by role models, so it is important that parents try to otter positive role models which will benefit their children in all ways possible. How to cite Influence of Role Models on Children, Papers

Design Thinking And Entrepreneurial Activity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Design Thinking And Entrepreneurial Activity. Answer: Introduction The report is required to look into the concept of design thinking and entrepreneurship topics. Design thinking is a method framed by designers to solve complex issues and find worthwhile solutions for clients. The design basically assists in solving problems as they are action oriented towards a preferred future. The design principles when applied through a particular strategy and innovation, the success rate for innovation improves dramatically. Design thinking helps in the core effective strategy development and organizational change. Firms which involve themselves in design thinking stay ahead in their willingness to engage in the task of continuously redesigning and reforming their business, proceed in the field of innovation and efficiency, the combination which gives rise to a greater competitive edge (Amit Zott, 2012). Design thinking is drawn upon logic, imagination, intuition and systematic reasoning to explore possibilities of what could be and create desired outcomes tha t benefit the customer and also help achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. The important thing which design thinking brings in is an aspect of creativity on the minds of the designers (Audretsch, 2012). Creativity helps to make the business get moulded in the appropriate direction as per the needs and demands of different situations, which ultimately assists an organization to tackle unforeseen circumstances and walk towards the path of growth and development. Design thinking is essential to get people to work on the need to cultivate new ideas and adopt new approaches in order to be successful in a highly competitive work environment. Discussion The design thinking is a way through which complex problems are solved. The mindset adopted is not focused on problems but are concerned about possible ways to provide the solutions by taking action oriented approach towards creating a better future. Design thinking is based upon intuition, imagination, logic and systematic reasoning to ascertain possibilities of what could be and create appropriate outcomes that benefit the end user. This requires an approach to look ahead into the future, identify areas where one could cash on and thus develop a mindset to explore possibilities (Bocken, Rana Short, 2015). This helps in finding ways out on how to seek for constant upgradation and betterment along with delivering of services as per the needs and requirements of the customers. Entrepreneurship deals with the plans associated in setting up a business and design thinking plays a very important part in the activity (Carland, Carland Stewart, 2015). A business requires constant upgradat ion of plans as per the needs and requirements of the situations and thus thinking ways out to formulate certain strategies to enable the organization to keep up with the pace is a challenge, which can be achieved through implementing innovative thoughts and ideas. Critical Self Analysis And Reflection Now a critical self analysis and reflection is presented through the blogs which I have maintained on a weekly basis to develop an understanding of design thinking and entrepreneurial activity. Week 1 Activity: In the week 1 blog, I have mentioned that the teacher had given us certain questions to ask one another about the previous studies and experience. This was done in order to find out if similarities could be found on subjects studied and prior work experience gathered. Initially my comfort level was not high as I was not used to doing tasks related to design or critical thinking but gradually I could understand that one should always ask questions even when there is a feeling that a group of people is known for a long time. Interactions with people always helps in knowing them better (Glen, R., Suciu, C., Baughn, C. (2014). This blog mentions that only after interacting with other international students like me, I had understood about their thought processes on these activities. This proves that one should never underestimate anyone and try to have clarity while interacting, as interactions would help erase doubts and lead to removal of barriers, which is essential for any business t o succeed Week 2 Activity: In this week, the teacher had provided articles with respect to reflective thinking, which I had made note of in piece of paper and the students were asked for their responses in those sentences. Reflective thinking is nothing but how to relate the new knowledge gathered on the prior understanding (Koellinger Roy Thurik, 2012). So I made sure to relate the concept of reflective thinking on a daily basis in everyday activities. In business, reflective thinking is a necessity as evolution happens from time to time and there is always a requirement that fresh knowledge should be harnessed on the understanding one has already developed over a period of time. In practical life even, I had tried to implement those concepts to seek for the desired results. Relating the new knowledge in the business with the prior understanding is very crucial for the growth and development as an individual, which in turn would help the business expand and touch upon new avenues. Week 3 Activity: Week 3 dealt with ways to understand the core values of design and develop the idea of mindset. Mindset is required for instigating ways for the right thinking pattern of people and how a person would be able to think innovatively for bringing in necessary developments and activities which are feasible. I had seen a major change in the level of thinking over this period and got surprised by the way, the level of creativity within myself was developed and along with the observation skills (Massa Tucci, 2013). Creativity is a must for survival of any business over a length of time and similarly observation skills is equally important, as one needs to be always aware of possibilities for expansion and other challenges which the business might confront in near future. A creative mindset helps to make sure that the businesses are always tuned as per the expectations of the customers and needs of the industry, thereby reducing any threat from the competitors. Week 4 Activity: This weeks activity dealt with the ways to understand the difference between problem solving and problem finding and also develop ways to detect complicated problems. A brainstorming activity was involved with 30 circles in a white paper, through which an idea developed where all 30 circles had to be put inside a bigger circle (Naud, 2013), so that each and every circle was made a part of the bigger one. This activity made me realize the concepts of understanding the importance of right attitude towards the customers with right mindset, right empathy, right kind of stimulus, right kind of facilitation and right inspiration, (Goldschmidt Rodgers, 2013). All these characteristics are required for the development of healthy relationships among peers. These are essential elements which can be used in business, to create a rapport with the customers, create an urge to improve every single time, provide inspiration by understanding where we come from and facilitate on giving suggestions t o where we must go. Week 5 Activity: This 5th week revolved around understanding of the concept of mind mapping which help in bringing ideas together and organize them accordingly to fetch the desired results. The need for finding ways out to add value to an organization is of utmost importance as value creation helps develop confidence and understanding between the customers and business and mutual trust is built (Nicholls Murdock, 2012). Creating a value chain in a business perspective is a necessity to attain excellence and stand out from the crowd in a highly competitive work environment and survive in the long run. The more value an organization provides through their products and services, they would be able to seek customers on a regular basis and become more and more profitable. Value Chain refers to a series of activities linked together for the attainment of the desired goals and objectives. In business perspective, creating value and delivering valuable service to the customers is important to create a major impact and look to enhance customer base and thereby provide satisfaction and earn profit Week 6 Activity: This week dealt with the concept of Ethics, which is one of the most important things to be maintained by any organization. Ethics refer to the values and principles which need to be maintained by conforming to the rules and regulations (Plattner, Meinel Leifer, 2012). The activity involved providing lines to form a square and there was confusion regarding whether the lines must be continuous ones and the teacher had argued that a child would be able to draw in a much easier manner as adults have a sense of prejudgement. Childs thoughts are free by nature and not preoccupied by other thoughts. The concept of ethics in oil company like any other organization is of paramount importance (Trimi Berbegal-Mirabent, 2012). Week 7 Activity: The activity in this week which I have mentioned in the blog is about analyzing a large amount of qualitative data related to creating an original dessert in order to test our creativity on different food items. The fact that our teacher had showed us the preparation of a new kind of dessert based on chicken, the recipe had come as a surprise because chicken has always been thought of as a starter or a main dish. This is where mind mapping comes into play, which is a graphical representation of ideas and concepts (Shepherd, Williams Patzelt, 2015). The ability of mind mapping is important because, the ideas and concepts generated in the world of business has to be thought as something which could always be applicable and meaningful. Otherwise those ideas do not hold any meaning. One should be able to correlate any idea, which is thought of, with the practical scenario. Week 8 Activity: This weeks activity dealt with an app, known as spoilers app whose primary aim was to prevent unwanted content in the newsfeed on the phone or tablet. Different pictures were provided with team members numbered from 1 to 6. Initially there was some confusion as I had never used such app before but gradually through the passage of, developed an understanding which made me apply on my own smartphone (Shepherd, Williams Patzelt, 2015). This allowed to look into the aspect of working effectively in a team and the find possible ways to understand an unfamiliar concept or idea. In business world, unforeseen circumstances would always come up in some form or the other and in those situations, working as a team would help in getting through the phase. Week 9 Activity: The next activity dealt with getting ahead and understand the importance of marketing strategies in an organizations attempt to target the desired customers. The importance of target market can be clearly understood from the fact that the basic of any marketing strategy is to segment the customers from a wide base, then target the customers who fit the needs of the organization by meeting all the demands and then position those targets accordingly to specifically address their issues (Trimi Berbegal-Mirabent, 2012). Targetting those customers as per their purchase history is important as time and money would be used in a judicious manner and avoid wastage. In business perspective, utilizing resources effectively for targetting the right kind of customers is important. Identifying the appropriate customer base to target with the right the kinds of products is very much essential. Week 10 Activity: This activity was about adopting the principle to know the details about how to fund a business. Business funding requires looking into the type of business one is in, the products one are dealing with, whether the business is a partnership firm, joint venture or sole proprietorship. Accordingly the funding would vary. The art of finding a proper sponsor ahead of launching a business plan is a tough ask but an important one (Urbano Alvarez, 2014). This requires proper connection and the task needs to be carried out for proper execution of plan. The importance of understanding the requirements of funding a business is essential to have clarity over the products, the expansion plans so that wastage of resources is avoided. Week 11 Activity: The activity in this week was of a presentation, where I had talked about mind mapping and self confidence played a very important role because nervousness was there as I had never ever given any presentation before in my lifetime. Self-Confidence plays a significant role in the success of any individual and this can be seen even in influential persons, who have had success due to the self-confidence portrayed by them in the course of their career (Zahra Nambisan, 2012). For any business to flourish and excel in the highly competitive work environment, self-confidence is crucial because they help in giving customers the assurance that they would be able to cope up with the rising challenges. Week 12 Activity: This activity was related to how design thinking, which is used for confronting complex problems and align them with mind mapping and daily routine. Design thinking is basically a way through which any type of problem can be dealt with and solved in due time without much difficulty. In business world, I feel that this design thinking concept is crucial and should be implemented to the best of the abilities for finding ways to innovate, attract customers, implement strategies to go ahead and let the business flourish (Nicholls Murdock, 2012). Conclusion: Action Plan I would like to conclude by saying that the universities across the world should look to adopt tasks which I have gone through over this period and really helped to understand business situations and ways to tackle unforeseen circumstances. The concept of design thinking has been understood with great clarity and satisfaction. The action plan is to carry on implanting the learnings which I have gathered through these tasks to my everyday life. As far as the self development is concerned, the activities which I have gone through have certainly helped me develop the mentality to think rationally and also create an image on the mind about what to expect in a business environment. The essentials for succeeding in business have also been understood in a practical manner through those tasks as on most occasions, the tasks were related to the situations which I am supposed to face in the world of business. I have understood the importance of implementing strategies required for achieving su ccess and hold on to the position in a highly competitive work environment. I genuinely feel that these tasks should be carried out by one and all at least once in their lifetime to garner the essential learning required for understanding the necessities of business and life in general. References Amit, R., Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation.MIT SloanManagement Review,53(3), 41. Audretsch, D. (2012). Entrepreneurship research.Management Decision,50(5), 755-764. Bocken, N. M. P., Rana, P., Short, S. W. (2015). Value mapping for sustainable business thinking.Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering,32(1), 67-81. Carland, J. C., Carland, J. W., Stewart, W. H. (2015). Seeing what's not there: The enigma of entrepreneurship.Journal of small business strategy,7(1), 1-20. Glen, R., Suciu, C., Baughn, C. (2014). The need for design thinking in business schools.Academy ofManagement Learning Education,13(4), 653-667. Goldschmidt, G., Rodgers, P. A. (2013). The design thinking approaches of three different groups of designers based on self-reports.Design Studies,34(4), 454-471. Grassl, W. (2012). Business models of social enterprise: A design approach to hybridity.ACRN Journal of entrepreneurship Perspectives,1(1), 37-60. Hobday, M., Boddington, A., Grantham, A. (2012). An innovation perspective on design: Part 2.Design Issues,28(1), 18-29. Koellinger, P. D., Roy Thurik, A. (2012). Entrepreneurship and the business cycle.Review of Economics and Statistics,94(4), 1143-1156. Massa, L., Tucci, C. L. (2013). Business model innovation.The Oxford handbook of innovation management,20, 18. Naud, W. (2013). Entrepreneurship and economic development: Theory, evidence and policy.Browser Download This Paper. Nicholls, A., Murdock, A. (2012). The nature of social innovation. InSocial innovation(pp. 1-30). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Plattner, H., Meinel, C., Leifer, L. (2012).Design thinking research. Springer. Shepherd, D. A., Williams, T. A., Patzelt, H. (2015). Thinking about entrepreneurial decision making: Review and research agenda.Journal of management,41(1), 11-46. Shepherd, D. A., Williams, T. A., Patzelt, H. (2015). Thinking about entrepreneurial decision making: Review and research agenda.Journal of management,41(1), 11-46. Trimi, S., Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2012). Business model innovation in entrepreneurship.International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal,8(4), 449-465. Urbano, D., Alvarez, C. (2014). Institutional dimensions and entrepreneurial activity: An international study.Small Business Economics,42(4), 703-716. Zahra, S. A., Nambisan, S. (2012). Entrepreneurship and strategic thinking in business ecosystems.Business horizons,55(3), 219-229.

Brisbane River Essays - Environmental Science, Water Pollution

Brisbane River 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Brisbane River has flowed for over 400 million years. The catchment of the Brisbane River has overcome phases of flood and drought while its origins altered as the surrounding land changed overtime. In 1823, John Oxley entered the river for the first time. At the time the river appeared clean and unpolluted. Oxley immediately recognised the rivers potential as a site for new settlement, through his recommendation the city of Brisbane was established in 1825. The Brisbane River extends inland for 300km reaching its source at the foothills of the Great Dividing Range. The rivers catchment occupies an area of approximately 30,000km2 and releases it waters into Moreton Bay. The once pristine waters were used as a source of drinking water and recreational purposes. Industries saw the river as a cheap and efficient source for waste discharge. Before road links were established with Sydney the river held the only form of transport including trade. The Brisbane River was and still is the cities most valuable asset for both recreational, relaxational and transportational purposes. Throughout the past century the Brisbane River has been over used and polluted. The river basin has provided fertile agricultural and grazing lands, and suitable catchment sites for damming purposes. The advantages the river presented were carelessly exploited, to an extent self reparation seemed impossible. Today, the Brisbane River has experience substancial modification to satisfy the requirements of the increasing population. Through extensive public awarness promotions the river gained political support in the form of anti-polution acts. The responsibility of water quality control in the Brisbane now rests in the hands of the Queensland Parliament which passed two acts designed to protect the river from pollutants. These include: the Pollution of Waters by Oil Act of 1973 and the Clean Waters Act of 1971. Through increasing public awarness and involvement the water quality the river is steadily improving, however, its pollution levels still exceed safe levels. One must remember that the river supports approximately 2 million people with industry and transport heavily relient on its waters, therefore, certain levels of pollution are understandable. The ultimate purpose of this report is to analyse the condition of Brisbane River water in 2001. Through testing of river water in different collection locations I statement can be made concerning the overall health of the river. From the results collected recommendations can be made to reduce pollution and erosion levels along the river. Throughout the collection period for different locations were visited where water samples were collected from each. The sites included: 1. Pinkenba 2. Story Bridge 3. Fig Tree Pocket 4. Mt Crosby Weir The water from the locations stated was tested for temperature, dissolved oxygen content, pH, turbidity, suspended and dissolved solids, sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates, aluminium ions, zinc ions, lead ions, manganese ions, detergents, colour, odour, conductivity, surrounding animal of plant life and land use. 2.0 CURRENT STATE OF THE BRISBANE RIVER The Brisbane River has seen substantial modification during the past 150 years of European occupation. The river has supported waves of exploration, grazing, land clearing, agriculture, settlement and current urbanisation which requires water storage for drinking purposes and flood mitigation; dredging construction materials, shipping channels and flood prevention. Sand extraction through dredging has dominated history along the river, proving extremely important to local construction industries. Between the years 1900 and 1970 an estimated 12 million cubic metres were removed. Extraction of sand reached its peak in the mid 1970s at around 1.45 million cubic metres of sand per year. Annual production was decreased to 1 million cubic metre and later ceased in 1996-7. Extraction primarily took place between Mt Crosby Weir and Milton with small operations between Milton and East Brisbane. The Port of Brisbane is now responsible for maintanance dredging of the lower reaches to maintain a deep channel for cargo vessels. The extensive dredging operations over the years has significantly deepened the river causing river bank instability. The banks of the river have serviced a foundation for city growth. The reaches of the river between Wivenhoe and Mt Crosby Weir are most aethetically pleasing with a rural atmosphere and green vegetation. Between Mt Crosby and Jindalee the river widens flowing through rural and rural residential areas, human interference is evident. From

Race Stage Play by David Mamet

Race Stage Play by David Mamet David Mamet is an expert perturber. Within ninety minutes he unnerves his audience, giving couples something to argue about on the way home. Ive listened to supposed soul mates debate to the verge of relationship meltdown, all because of the sexual harassment issues presented in Mamets play, Oleanna. Likewise, in other plays such as Speed the Plow, the audience is never quite sure which character is right and which character is wrong. Or perhaps we are meant to be perturbed by all of the characters, as we are with the unethical batch of salesmen in Glengarry Glen Ross. By the end of David Mamets 2009 drama Race, we meet several caustic characters, all of whom will leave the audience with something to think about as well as something to argue about. The Basic Plot Jack Lawson (white, mid 40s) and Henry Brown (black, mid 40s) are attorneys at a burgeoning law firm. Charles Strickland (white, mid 40s) a prominent business man, has been charged with rape. The woman accusing him is black; the lawyers realize that the case will be all the more difficult because race will be the dominant factor throughout the trial. The men expect Susan, a new attorney with the firm (black, early 20s) to help determine whether or not they should accept Strickland as their client, but Susan has other plans in mind. Charles Strickland He was born into wealth and, according to the other characters, never had to listen to the word No. Now, he has been accused of rape. The victim is a young, African American woman. According to Strickland at the beginning of the play, they were in a consensual relationship. However, as the drama continues, Strickland begins to unravel as shameful moments from his past come to light. For example, a college roommate (a black male) drudges up an old postcard written by Strickland, in which he uses racial slurs and profanity to describe the weather in Bermuda. Strickland is stunned when the lawyers explain that the humorous message is racist. Throughout the play, Strickland wants to make a public apology to the press, not to confess to a rape, but to admit that there may have been a misunderstanding. Henry Brown One of this characters most fascinating monologues is delivered at the top of the show. Here, the African American attorney suggests that most white people maintain the following views about black people: HENRY: You want to tell me about black folks? Ill help you: O.J. Was guilty. Rodney King was in the wrong place, but the police have the right to use force. Malcolm X. Was noble when he renounced violence. Prior to that he was misguided. Dr. King was, of course, a saint. He was killed by a jealous husband, and you had a maid when you were young who was better to you than your own mother. Brown is an insightful, no-nonsense lawyer who is the first to detect just how toxic the Charles Strickland case will be to their law firm. He thoroughly understands the justice system and human nature, so he foresees how both white and black jurors will react to Stricklands case. He is a good match for his law partner, Jack Lawson, because Brown, despite Lawsons keen understanding of prejudice, is not so easily fooled by the crafty young attorney, Susan. Like other wake up call characters featured in Mamet plays, Browns role is to shed light on his partners poor judgment of character. Jack Lawson Lawson has been working with Henry Brown for twenty years, during which time he has embraced Browns wisdom regarding race relations. When Susan confronts Lawson, correctly believing that he ordered an extensive background check on her (due to her skin color), he explains: Jack: I. Know. There is nothing. A white person. Can say to a black person. About Race. Which is not both incorrect and offensive. Yet, as Brown points out, Lawson might believe he is above the social pitfalls of race issues simply because he understands the problem. In reality, Lawson says and does several offensive things, each of which can be interpreted as racist and/or sexist. As mentioned above, he decides that it would be a wise business decision to conduct a thorough investigation of black applicants at the law firm, explaining that the extra-level of precaution is because African Americans have certain advantages when it comes to law suits. Also, one of his strategies to save his client involves re-wording Stricklands racial hate speech into racially charged erotic banter. Finally, Lawson crosses the line when he provocatively suggests that Susan wear a sequined dress (the same style worn by the alleged victim) in court so they can demonstrate that the sequins would have fallen off if a rape actually took place. By suggesting that she wear the dress (and be thrown onto a mattress in the middle of the co urtroom) Lawson reveals his desire for her, though he masks it with a detached attitude of professionalism. Susan For the sake of not giving away any more spoilers than I already have, I will not divulge much about Susans character. However, it is worth noting that Susan is the only person in the play whose last name is never revealed. Also, though this play is titled Race, David Mamets drama is very much about sexual politics. This truth becomes perfectly clear as the audience learns the true intentions behind Susans character.

Personal Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Personal Reflection Paper - Essay Example I was able to change my thinking from having goals of childish nature to a more mature outlook on life. The activity gave me an opportunity to compare my life goals with those of my classmates. This is critical in terms of comparing me with other like-minded and equally intellectual formidable classmates. This comparison showed me that despite my ambitious nature in terms of my life goals, there are others who are more ambitious and aggressive. It was a revelation and a challenge for me to work harder and be more ambitious in order to compete on the same level with my intellectual equals. As the exercise proceeded, I was able to reevaluate my life goals and coalesce them with a more realistic and tangible future. The defining moment for the entire exercise was the peer review section where classmates were tasked with evaluating each other’s life goals. The result of this activity was that my teammates gave me the second highest score in the entire class. It was a defining moment for me in terms of not just my self-esteem but also my general outlook on life. This event truly gave me an opportunity to evaluate and reevaluate my life goals. This activity also helped me to distinguish between the tangible life goals and what is pure fantasy. The score given to me by my classmates was evidence of the progress I am making in terms of fulfillment of my life goals. I honestly feel that I am making huge strides in the right direction, and I have a more confident approach to life and achievement. A bulk of this is fully attributed to the activity presented to us by the professor. My book club facilitation focused on chapter 6 of the book titled, "Becoming a leader" by Benis. The title of the chapter was effectively dubbed leaders perspective and desire. This activity was rather significant because I had never thought of myself as a leader. The activity was a revelation into my potential as a

Materials Engineering - Career Outlook and Responsibilities Research Paper

Materials Engineering - Career Outlook and Responsibilities - Research Paper Example The research was conducted by going through written sources of information found within the Penn state university library system, the study of this engineering material leads to an occupation known as material engineering. Material engineers deal with the development, processing and testing of materials used to create a wide range of products. They employ the use of metals, ceramics, semiconductors, composites and plastics to create new materials that exhibit certain mechanical, electrical, chemical properties superior to the individual constituent materials, and they also come up with new ways of utilizing new materials. The general roles covered by material engineers in all the occupations include: Monitoring performance of materials and evaluation of their deterioration, determining causes of product failure and developing necessary solutions, supervision of the work of other cadres of employees like technicians, designing and directing the processing and testing procedures , plan ning and evaluating new projects in consultation with other necessary personnel. In order to do this they study materials at an atomic level with the aid of computers to help in replicating the characteristics of the materials and their constituents, through this they are able to solve problems cutting across all engineering fields like: chemical, electrical, civil, nuclear and aerospace. Material engineer may specialize in understanding specific types of materials like ceramics, composites, metallurgical materials, plastics or semiconductor materials. INTRODUCTION This research is based on the occupation of the various material engineers. The term material engineering stems from the word engineering materials, the in-depth understanding of materials used in engineering qualifies one to be called materials engineer. The information used in this research was gathered through written sources of information through the Penn state university library system, occupational handbook of the federal government of the United States of America and non commercial websites as indicated herein in the citations. The content of the research majorly covers the study of engineering materials. Engineering materials refer to the materials that constitute part of structures, products, devices and mechanisms that are used daily to maintain or improve life and uplift the living standards of the people. Materials engineering refers to the process of the study of engineering materials, developing, processing and testing materials used to create a wide range of products. It also entails the creation of new materials and new ways of their application (Kenneth and Michael). This research covers the career outlook of material engineers and their responsibilities in their respective fields, material engineering as a profession entails numerous carriers depending on the continuous and unending needs of the society. In every occupation discussed below in the major section covers the following ; Description of the job and responsibilities, Education

Why should we study rhetoric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why should we study rhetoric - Essay Example There are three kinds of rhetoric - deliberative oratory, forensic oratory, and epideictic oratory - each type, or the combination of two or all types, provide individuals with a means to effectively persuade based on the type of situation a speech must deal with. Deliberative oratory, for example, proves to be an effective tool when persuading an audience to take action in the future. This category is used today in avenues of legislation such as the U.S. Senate, where lobbyists convince legislators to take action in either abolishing or creating a law. Forensic oratory, on the other hand, dealing with events that happened in the past, is an effective tool to prove or disprove events or acts that supposedly took place. Lawyers in court proceedings use this today. Lastly, Epideictic oratory, which aims to convince an audience about the pros and cons of a belief or ideology is an effective tool commonly used in most public speeches today. Rhetoric is also an efficient means to communicate. By looking into the parts of a rhetorical speech, one can observe the efficient manner that the speech is organized. A rhetorical speech has three major subdivisions - the introduction, them idle, and the conclusion.

US, Ohio Police Recruitment Steps

US, Ohio Police Recruitment Steps Career Exploration into Policing Criminal Justice Steps in the departments recruitment process The department of the Ohio state police has immense and significant aspects that are usually put into consideration during the recruitment process of potential police officers. Great consideration is taken into serious account where everyone in the recruitment process is considered the same as the other no matter from which particular group one comes from (John   Mike 1996). These recruitment criteria in Ohio and all the parts in the country ensure that there are no minorities or dominant groups in the police department. Before the recruiting process, the recruits have to have the knowledge in mind of what is expected and required of them. Steps in the selection process The police selection process is extensive, complex, and competitive. It basically entails a series of assessment, interviews, and analytical steps intended to choose the overall best candidate to employ to a police division from all that are in great need of the job. A written ability test is usually given to the candidates to ascertain their deductive reasoning written comprehension and expression as pertaining the aptitude tests .in accordance to this the personal interviews. The recruit during the selection process has to ensure that he or she is able to submit a well completed application form to ensure that they are dually assured of the selection process (Robert Kim, 2002). This is followed by a written examination entailing the normal examination usually given. This written examination is set to establish whether the recruit is versed with the writing skills. New advanced test have been developed and great interest has been focused on the use of computer technology in Ohio state police departments. This test is aimed at reducing bias which will tend to favor some recruits and live out the most potential prospects. Conduction of an oral interview is the next step in the selection process where the applicant will be examined on character significant to the police officer place, as well as command existence, truthfulness, program communication skills, open-mindedness for stress, sentence, and certainty. The next step entails psychological testing where the assessment of the ability to make rational decision is considered. this test focuses on the background of the applicant and tries to eliminate cases with past psychological disorders (Robert Kim, 2002).The recruits are then subject to a polygraph examination to ascertain whether the information being given is valid or not. The physical wellness and the medication test then follow in the selection process this are to determine whether the health of the applicant is at risk or not .the medical tests usually focuses more on the wellness and whether the applicant had drugs intake. When all this cases have been tackled, the superintendent reviews the files for clarification. The training process The initial state of training involves the recruit training which is involved in making sure that the officers are able to understand the state laws a fact that provide them with the idea of what their job entails. The officers have to attend a formal training in an academy. The recruits who have recently graduated are usually subjected to the field training to supplement the theory they had passed through at the academies from (John   Mike 1996). They are also subjected to the use of fire arms where the effective use of fire arms are vividly focused and correct identification of the use is proposed. The training also focuses on the in service training where the skills and knowledge of veteran officers is updated. References John D;  Mike N (1996 ) Investigation into the training and non-stop specialized development of members of the P F of. Bristol University of the West of England  -82p Robert L Kim S (2002) Trainers Development Programme: evaluation. Harrogate state Police Training, 146

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essay -- Teaching Teachers Education Ess

Teaching Philosophy Statement The world revolves around education. Without it, we would be lost. Teachers are among the most important people in the world. They are what shape our society. This takes on a very important job, but this is something that I want to do more than anything. A teacher is one that is looked up to by others, and is respected in the community. I want to become a teacher because I want to help children learn and make a difference in a child’s life. I believe that I mainly follow the idealist philosophy. Becoming a teacher is something that I have always wanted to do, so I know that I would put my all into it. I would make sure that I knew my content area very well. I also want to make sure the students know that they can come to me with any of their problems. I not only want to be a teacher, but a role model to my students. Knowing that a student trusts me would bring so much self-fulfillment. I also follow the pragmatist philosophy. I believe that they classroom is a community of learners. Pragmatists also establish classroom rules at the beginning of the year. This is important because the children are just entering the school system, and they need to know that what they may do at home isn’t permitted at school. I would rather have a non-authoritarian classroom over an authoritarian classroom. I believe I could control the students. I think there would be more respect in the classroom if I made sure the students knew at the beginning of the year what was and wasn’t allowed. Also, many kindergarten teachers have assistants to help them. Not that I’ relying on that, but that would help keep control of the classroom as well. ... ...dergartener won’t learn very much if you stand in front of the room and lecture. You ned to work with the students personally, that way they grasp what you are teaching. You need to become a leader when you’re working with a room full of young students. I feel that I can fulfill this role. I’ve worked with young children before, and if you set out rules beforehand, you have better results. I will definitely take what I’ve learned and use it in my classroom. Education reform is necessary in our ever changing world. I know that as a teacher I would be willing to change with the times. As teachers we must have a positive attitude and take on whatever is needed. Education is one of the most important aspects of the world. Teaching is something that I look forward to, and I can’t wait until I have a classroom of my own.

Cations and Anions Tests

Testing for Cation and Anions OBJECTIVE: †¢ Determine the presence of a cation or anion by a chemical reaction †¢ Determine the cation and anion in an unknown solution All salt solutions have both positive (Cations) and negative (Anions) ions dissolved in it. In this experiment you will observe chemical reactions to determine the presence of specific anions and cations. Compare your observations with the reactions of the known solutions and the unknown solution to determine the ions present in the unknown solution. You will use a flame test for the cations, Na+, K+, and Ca+2 Perform qualitative tests for Ca+2, NH4+, Fe+3.Qualitative tests will be used to identify anions, Cl-, SO42-, PO43-, and CO32-. Expected results of the qualitative test and the reactions are included in your procedure. PROCEDURE: Obtain from the stock room a solid unknown salt to be analyzed for the presence of both cation and anion. HC1, HNO3 are strong acids and NaOH is a strong base so be careful whe n using them. Use the plastic pipettes on the center counter to dispense your unknown solution. Approx. 20 drops is equal to 1 mL, All waste go in the waste jar labeled for your class. Bunsen Burner Safety. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Make sure you are able to get a spark out of the striker consistently!Turn the gas needle valve counter clockwise completely. Adjust the burner barrel so your are able to see through the air inlet Check the rubber tubing and place the rubber hose on the gas nozzle. Turn the gas jet 90 degrees. Open the gas needle valve until you hear the gas and light. If you are not successful in lighting the burner, turn the gas off and try again. Cation Tests Al. Flame Test †¢ Label 3 test tubes, Na+, K+ and Ca+2. Bring the test tubes to the stockroom window to get your wood splint soaked in each of the solution. You will also be given an unused wood splint to use for your unknown. Get your solid unknown as well. Soak the unused wood splint in water. †¢ Observe the change in flame color when the known solutions above are burned. K+ gives a very fleeting color change. Ca+2 gives a very similar flame color as Na+. †¢ Now that you know how observed how Na+, K+ and Ca+2, you will test your unknown. †¢ Transfer a small amount of solid unknown to a scoopula and roll the wood splint †¢ that was soaking in water in the solid unknown and burn. By the end of Part AI, you should be able to conclude the presence or absence of Na+ or K+ and maybe Ca+2. Chemical Tests A2 †¢ Because the flame test for Ca+2 is sometimes inconclusive, the oxalate test is performed. If no immediate precipitation (cloudiness) is observed, heat in a water bath for 5 minutes. Water bath is set up in the southwest hood. A3 †¢ Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, reacts with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, to form ammonia, NH3 gas. †¢ The presence of the NH3 gas is confirmed using a moistened red litmus paper place on the mouth of the test tube. Ammonia gas is basic and will turn red litmus paper blue. A4 †¢ Fe+3, iron ion, react with potassium thiocyanate, KSCN, to form a blood red solution. By the end of Part A you should be able to identify your one cation. You must do all Tests for the known solutions. Part BThis part of the experiment test for the presence of anions, Cl-, SO42-, PO43- and CO32-. Bl †¢ Chloride ion, Cl-, reacts with silver nitrate, AgNO3 to form a precipitate that does not dissolve in HNO3. B2 †¢ Sulfate ion, SO42-, reacts with barium chloride, BaCl2, to form a precipitate that does not dissolve in HNO3. B3. †¢ Phosphate ion, PO43-, reacts with ammonium molybdate solution, (NH4)2MoO4, in acidic solution to form a yellow precipitate. A yellow solution only is a negative result. B4 †¢ Carbonate ion, CO32-, reacts with HC1 to form CO2 gas that is observed as bubbles. Part C. Each island will have a consumer product to test.

Frantisek Kupka essays

Frantisek Kupka essays "I do not think it is necessary to paint trees, as people on their way to the exhibition can see better ones in reality" (75) 1, words spoken by a true pioneer of abstract art, Frantisek Kupka. "I do paint but I paint only the conception, the synthesis: if you like, the chords" (75) 2, and here the idea that lets other people understand this abstract artist's work. It is unfortunate, that many people today cannot enjoy abstract art, because they feel that they cannot understand it. To explore this problem the term 'abstract art' must be defined and differentiated from the type of art most people are able to connect to; realism. Realism is art, which represents real, easily recognizable objects. Abstract art is art, which represents real objects in an abstracted fashion. Sometimes the abstracted objects are recognizable, and sometimes they are not, but they are never represented completely realistically. Realism is easy to understand, because objects are represented the way people exp ect to see them. To understand abstract art, however, one must become a little more educated about the abstracted image. Some artists deliberately change (or abstract) their subject's natural appearance in an effort to communicate something they can't convey through realistic treatment, such as showing movement, for instance. Frank Kupka's abstract art is a good example for explaining abstract art. This is, because he strives to find scientific and theoretical basis for his work, and his thought processes that concluded in his paintings Amorpha: Fugue in two Colours and Piano Keys: The Lake are the perfect examples to show this. For credibility, it is important to realize that Kupka was an academically trained artist, whose resume include the School of Arts and Crafts at Jaromer, the Prague Academy of Fine Arts, and the Akademie der Bildenden Kuenste in Vienna, but also to recognize that he was very interested in studying questions of color ...

Traits Theory in Leadership

Traits Theory in Leadership Introduction Leadership was first used by Greeks to refer to those who were known as first among equals. The term involved operations on the platform of accountability which was used in enhancing equity within the society. Assertiveness, courage, and imitation were some of the traits considered to be responsible for leadership effectiveness amongst individuals (Zaccaro, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Traits Theory in Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The success of any group is attributed to the kind of leadership it has or operates under. Successful leadership entails delegation of group interests with respect to individuals’ association with specific policies. Thus leadership involves combination of traits that could be incubated and propagated through an organization and includes all members. Qualities of a leader Leadership means ability to influence and extend necessary suppor t to others making them work towards achieving specific goals. A leader posses various qualities which include being dynamic, tactful, motivator, orator, futurist, good analyzer, social, supportive and should have job related knowledge. A leader should be the kind of person capable and ready of taking any risk amidst controversial issues. He should have the ability of putting his juniors on toes for the purposes of achieving important goals. Good communication forms part of leadership since messages and objectives need to be articulated through clear and well understood means. Interractiveness form part of socialization where a leader is required to mingle with his subordinates and even offer them support within different areas of need (Zaccaro, 1991). Traits of leadership Hypothesis shows that history has since been shaped by extraordinary leadership; this forms critical starting point for the trait theory of leadership (Zaccaro, 1991). Trait theory argues that leadership fully dep ends on the personal qualities of the leader. Some researchers were acknowledged earlier for the manner through which they applied trait theory, one of them being Bowden 1926. Cowley 1931, summarized by indicating that understanding of leadership required the study of traits. Table 1 below, gives the level of interractiveness involved in traits of leadership. Self confidence appears in all but two of the reviews, whereas other traits including adjustment, sociability and integrity tend to appear in multiple reviews though not consistent (Anderson, 1978).Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dominance emerged as an important leadership trait within some major reviews. An important observation is the exclusive trait of self confidence; none of the traits emerged as related to leadership in the majority of these reviews (Mann, 1959). Table 1: Review of traits of effectiv e or emergent leaders Leadership Criteria There is general agreement that a five factor model of personality developed by some personalities in early nineteen sixties could be used to describe the most critical aspects of personality (Goldberg, 1990). Traits studied in the five factor model include; Neuroticism, nature of being open towards experiences, extraversion, agreeableness and Conscientiousness. However, several ways emerged on how leadership could be assessed explicitly. Two distinctive classes of leadership emerged which were referred to as leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness. The former refers to the nature of quality as seen by other people concerning leadership’s capability of an individual. This may not be such accurate since the analysis is based on limited knowledge about the leader. Personality traits of an individual leader are deeply explored before making any applicable conclusion. Neuroticism This could be referred to as the status where an individual posses weak emotions towards events. This leads to stressful emotional reactions and experiences. Reviews done by Bass (1990) showed positive correlation in studies on self confidence that showed low levels of neuroticism to leadership. Self esteem an indicator of low neuroticism is thought to be a factor in both senior and subordinate staff within organizations.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Traits Theory in Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Neurotic individuals as indicated by some authors are less likely to be perceived as leaders. In consideration of these facts, neuroticism is thought to be negatively related to leader emergence and leadership effectiveness. Extraversion An extravert person is thought to possess leadership traits which make him/her active, assertive, energetic, restless and not easily withdrawn from circumstances (Gough, 1988). According to Costa 1988, extrave rsion is strongly related to social leadership whereas other publications agree that extraversion leads to emergence of a leader within groups. Extraverts are viewed by others to possess unique leadership traits that are of great importance within the field. Leaders are more likely expected to be more energetic as compared to non leaders, they are required to have more stamina and be generally active, lively, and often restless, (Kirkpatrick and Locke 1991). Major facets among extraverts thought to be leaders comprises of dominance and sociability, (Gough, 1990). There is a general feeling that links extroverts to leadership emergence which is mostly associated with leadership effectiveness. Openness This represents the status where leaders are expected to be mentally alert and autonomous when conducting events. According to Bass 1990, openness is the most vital trait of leadership. Openness shows a positive correlation to personality based upon behavioural measures of creativity. T his trait also correlates with the ability to think widely beyond limitations placed by human will. Creativity appears to be an important skill to effective leaders. Research indicates that creativity is linked to effective leadership. There is a consensus belief which suggests that open individuals are more likely to emerge as effective leaders at any given place. Agreeableness This involves the status of being considerate towards situations and events. Zaccaro 1991 discovered that interpersonal sensitivity was related to leadership. Altruism, tact and sensitivity are hallmarks of agreeable personality and would suggest that leaders should be more agreeable.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Agreeable individuals are likely to be modest and they tend not to be excessively modest as well as being affiliated to certain groups (Bass, 1990; Goldberg, 1990). Need for affiliation appears to be negatively related to leadership in some circumstances (Yukl, 1998). These factors suggest that agreeableness would be negatively related to leadership. In light of these conflicting justifications, the possible relationship between agreeableness and leadership appear little bit ambiguous. Conscientiousness This involves leadership with the end result in mind; the leader proves dependable in times of need and ensures tasks are appropriately completed. Effectiveness for the group and reinforcement of the tendencies all depends on the leadership positioning (Bass, 1990). According to Barrick 1991, conscientiousness is related to job performance which in turn depends on leader effectiveness. Kirkpatrick and Locke 1991 noted that leaders should be tirelessly persistent in their activities a nd follow through with their programs. Conscientious individuals should have more tenacity and persistence therefore expected to make excellently effective leaders that conscientious individuals will be more effective leaders (Goldberg, 1990). Trait theories have been used for the purposes of differentiating between leaders and non leaders. Qualities such as ambition, energy, eagerness to lead, honesty, integrity, self confidence, intelligence, and job relevant knowledge are those which differentiates leaders from non-leaders. Those who find pleasure in shepherding others are considered to make good leaders. Several theories were developed in the process of describing traits. Path goal theory This theory was discovered by Robert House. It involves the extraction of key elements on structure initiation and consideration from Ohio state leadership structure. Also the theory incorporates expectancy theory of motivation. The theory argues that it is upon leaders to help their followers and ensure that they achieve the necessary goals in life and within particular organizations. Four types of leaders’ behaviours are described within this theory; directive behaviours which enable followers easily imitate what is expected of them. Supportive behaviours which shows lots of concern to members, then there is participative behaviour which makes a leader be more consultative with those he/she leads. Finally, there is an achievement behaviour which makes the leader to challenge members through setting of higher goals. Leader Participation Model This is the kind of model which relates leadership behaviour and the level of his/her participation in decision making. This model provides rules which are helpful in the process of analysing leader’s contributions. The levels of participation are drawn against personality traits of the leader under review. Qualities such as ability to communicate effectively, ability to relate freely with members and other employees a nd also training qualities are considered within this model. Conclusion Barrick and Mount (1991), investigated the relationship of the Big Five traits to leadership pooling across the leadership criteria. Conceptually leadership effectiveness and emergence are distinct constructs. Effectiveness and emergence in leadership are analyzed through measures and observations by other people’s perception of leadership. There exists a strong link to ascertain that Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness are related to multiple leadership criteria and that these traits display significant relationships with leadership in combined analysis. Emphasis should be given on the importance of teamwork within the various individuals within any group. Leadership requires proper attention to team members through various means which includes providing appropriate advices on ways of improving the overall performances. Leaders should ensure that all the programs used appropriately towards strengthen ing of group members making them ready for any challenging task. At the same time leadership roles should be reinforced through delegation of some duties to individual members; this ensures that all employees and members are actively involved in the running of the team. Leaders should learn to engage the staff in open conversations and record every crucial matter that arises from the conversations. They should also be involved in teaching and guiding the team through various processes and showing them various ways of solving specific problems. Leaders should learn the importance of prioritizing events both on short term and long term basis. In this way it is easy to provide leadership towards utilization of available resources on areas which require immediate attention in the quest for providing quality services. They should be capable of selecting competent members having the capability of working towards achieving the laid down long term objectives. Leaders chosen in every departm ent should have the capability of playing supervisory roles ensuring provision of quality services. Trait theories have been effectively applied for the purposes of differentiating leaders. It makes it easier to identify and associate highly flexible people with leadership, this is since they have dynamic capabilities which enables them to adequately monitor others. References Anderson, G. Viswesvaran, C., 1998. An Update of the Validity of Personality Scales in Personnel Selection. Paper presented at the 13th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, TX; Dallas. Print. Barrick, M. R. Mount, M. K., 1991. The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, (44), pp.1–26. Bass, B. M., 1990. Bass and Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership. New York: Free Press. Bowden, A. O., 1926. A study of the Personality of Student Leaders in the United States. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, (21) , pp. 149–160. Costa, P. T. McCrae, R. R., 1988. Personality in Adulthood: A six-year Longitudinal study of self-reports and spouse ratings on the NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (54), pp.853–863. Cowley, W. H., 1931. Three Distinctions in the Study of Leaders. Journal of  Abnormal and Social Psychology, (26), pp. 304–313. Goldberg, L. R., 1990. An alternative â€Å"description of personality†: The Big-Five Factor Structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (59), pp.1216–1229. Gough, H. G., 1988. Manual for the California Psychological Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Hughes, R. L. Curphy, G. J., 1996. Leadership. Boston: Irwin McGraw Hill. Kirkpatrick, S. A. Locke, E. A., 1991. Leadership: Do traits matter? Academy of Management Executive, (5), pp. 48–60. Mann, R. D., 1959. A review of the relationships between personality and Performance in small groups. Ps ychological Bulletin, (56), pp. 241–270. Stogdill, R. M., 1974. Handbook of Leadership. New York: Free Press. Yukl, G. Van Fleet, D. D., 1992. Theory and research on leadership in Organizations. Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, (3), pp. 147–197 Zaccaro, S. J. Kenny, D. A., 1991. Self Monitoring and Trait based Variance in leadership: An investigation of leader flexibility across multiple group situations. Journal of Applied Psychology, (76), pp. 308–315.

The Probable Efficacy of Alternatives to Incarceration Research Paper

The Probable Efficacy of Alternatives to Incarceration - Research Paper Example 1). So the criminal justice system is looking into the efficacy of many alternatives to incarceration like intensive supervision, boot camps and electronic monitoring/house arrest, which offer many advantages in terms of cost reduction, social relevance and the feasibility of a meaningful and effective rehabilitation. The Probable Efficacy of Alternatives to Incarceration Introduction Any sane and sustainable from of sentencing ought to be pragmatic, result oriented and financially viable, while confirming to the moral, ethical and social objectives inherent in it. Since times immemorial, civilizations have resorted to opting for incarceration as a regular mode of restraining and punishing their criminals and offenders. However, a more realistic approach towards this issue does not validate the fact that all the offenders deserve to be rigorously incarcerated, nor incarceration is the only possible method of achieving all the objectives ascribed to it (Bailey, 2003). In the criminal justice systems around the world, incarceration serves varied and multiple purposes. Incarceration is resorted to, to keep the individuals suspected of having committed some crime under a secure control, till their innocence or guilt is validated by a court of law. Incarceration is also used to penalize offenders found guilty of having committed a crime by depriving them of their freedom and liberty. Jail terms are also used to prevent chronic criminals from further committing a crime, until they get appropriately rehabilitated. To put it simply, the objective of incarceration is to allow the state to have a control over the factors that lead to crime, to protect the society at large from the offenders considered willing to and capable of indulging in further crimes and to rehabilitate the offenders, if possible (Bailey, 2003). A more versatile and creative approach towards these objectives do corroborates to the conclusion that many of them could be achieved by resorting to varied alternatives to incarceration like intensive supervision, boot camps, electronic monitoring and house arrest. Merits of Resorting to other Alternatives Necessity is the mother of invention. Hitherto, the criminal justice system has been opting for a one size fit all approach towards sentencing, being somewhat oblivious of the problems it would have created for law enforcement mechanisms. However, with the dawn of an era where the penitentiaries are fast getting overcrowded, the budgets ascribed to criminal justice systems are more than ever under diverse pressures and a relative humanization of the ethical, social and legal approaches towards sentencing, the criminal justice system is awakening to the fact that many available alternatives to incarceration could successfully serve the vouched objectives, while facilitating varied advantages (Diiulio Jr, 1991, p. 7). The criminal justice system is fast recognizing the fact that the homogenization and generalization of sentencing has g iven way to many problems and has divested it of varied other sentencing options like intensive supervision, boot camps and electronic monitoring/house arrest, which extend much scope for sentence customization. These alternatives arm the courts with much choice and multiple options. They allow the courts to opt for economically viable sentences, while ascribing the penalty in consonance with the gravity of offence of an offender (Diiulio Jr, 1991). Not to mention that varied

Portrait of a Family Member Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portrait of a Family Member - Personal Statement Example Though the initial shock and grief we (the rest of the family) felt was tremendous but we thought that being a kid he just got misled and smoked out of peer pressure or just simple curiosity. Simple guidance persuasion was what was requires or so we thought. This was not to be so. This initial attraction towards cigarettes slowly turned into infatuation and finally became an addiction. One day when I was preparing to go out to a party at a friend's place, I found out that my necklace was missing. This necklace was given to me as a birthday gift from one of my friends and so it was obviously quite precious to me. I nearly 'ransacked' the whole house but could not find it. Just recently John had started going out with a new girl. Our parents were off to an official dinner of dad's. John had invited (in fact brought) his girlfriend over to our place. I just happened to linger downstairs during my search for the lost necklace it was then that I incidentally glimpsed at the couple sitting near the television. It was then that it struck me; there it was right in front of my very eyes the necklace that I was searching for was around John's girlfriends. There was no mistaking it, and just to make sure I went around and started small talk with the girl. My eyes were on the necklace during the whole time and I was ready to bet it was my necklace. So the necklace had never b een in the home in the first place. As it had turned out my birthday present was now a partnership gift of my brother's girlfriend. With the passage of time and as John grew older (I guess he had reached tenth grade by then) John was progressing into a spoilt brat. Sleeping by daytime, skipping/bunking school, and partying all night. As the only possible evident solution available to my parents they stopped giving John his fixed monthly pocket money. This ought to have stopped or at least reduced his frequency of partying out but to our surprise that did not happen in fact it seemed that this shortage of cash didn't even bother him in the least. It was on excursions to the local market (which my mother frequents often by the way) that it came to her notice she was coming across a lot of similar artifacts/jewelry in the nearby shops lately. It took only a few days for her to realize that many of her precious items such as wedding gifts and even some jewelry were no where to be found on closer inspection it dawned upon my mother that those items that we saw in the local market were none other then mother's. The sec ret source of John's relative freedom from shortage of cash all came into perspective as well. Apart from the mental and psychological shock this event caused to our family it also proved to be a financial shock as my mother had to buy all the back from the market. Things took a turn for the worse when John entered into high school. Instead of growing mature with the passage of time John was going from bad to worse. Somehow he ended up in a group of guys (whom he rather preferred to call friends) who were a small time gang. Yes! John had turned into a small time gangster. I still don't believe myself as I write these lines that a cute lovely little

Children with disabilities using sign language Research Paper

Children with disabilities using sign language - Research Paper Example This way, such children will exhibit a delay in speech or receptive ability. Considering that, sign language uses manual communication and body language to convey a message, such visual and gestural characteristics serves to support the receptive and expressive language for children with disabilities (Simpson & Lynch, 2007). Additionally, the incorporation of visual and auditory aspects of sign language serves to make language more tangible for children with disabilities, thus enhancing their language and communication skills. Considering that speech, language, and communication activities are supported by the left hemisphere of the brain, then, the application of sign language serves to spur the growth of the brain in children, while increasing the level of activity in the left hemisphere. This adds the kinetic sense to the visual and the oral aspects of language acquisition, enhancing the communication and language base for children (Kelly, 2008). The application of sign language is also important for teaching children with disabilities, in that, the incorporation of movement and signs enhance the ability of such children to remember what they heard and saw, increasing their receptive and expressive abilities (Simpson & Lynch, 2007). Most paramount of the application of sign language to teach children with disabilities is that, it allows a teacher to demonstrate using signs and symbols, while the learners keep imitating this. Eventually, the teacher allows the learners to imitate the signs and the symbols using their own words, an aspect that serves to enhance their language development (Simpson & Lynch, 2007). This case was observed at Grenloch School, where teachers adopted sign language for teaching children in all subjects. This application was observed to create enthusiasm in children, as they enjoyed learning through

Everyday Use Essay Example for Free

Everyday Use Essay Everyday Use is tale of two siblings who are the exact opposite of each other and how they view the world around them. Dee and Maggie are on the opposite ends of the spectrum, as Dee is more of an outgoing woman who fervently pursued education to get away from her humble beginnings. She wanted to be successful as her mother recalls â€Å"Dee (Wanergo) wanted nice things†, while Maggie always embraced the conventional role of woman (Walker 273). Dee is not quite feminine like her sister as she says â€Å"I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man† (273). However, Maggie is an introvert who prefers being at home and doing household chores. Maggie, ever since her accident is not so confident, as her mom recalls â€Å"she will stand hopeless in corners, homely and ashamed† (272). Dee is also very selfish and inconsiderate about her family’s feelings, as she views her family quilt as a mere cultural artifacts and tries to take away it away from them with no remorse. On the contrary, Maggie never tries to deny her sister any of her, although it may at the cost of her own happiness. Her mom says that Maggie â€Å"thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand† (272). However, she is very saddened by her wanting to take away the quilt that she and her grandmother made with their own hands. However, Dee says â€Å"Maggie can’t appreciate these quilts†, failing to see the sentimental value of the quilt to her sister (278). Conclusion Dee is more pretentious as she tries to put up an African persona to sound more cultured and cosmopolitan. She changes her name and her appearance to suit her new found African heritage and justifies it by saying â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer being named after the people who oppress me† (276). Maggie, on the other hand, is content with her life and comfortable with her African-American descent. Works Cited Page Walker, A. (1973). †Everyday Use†. In Love and Trouble, 272-276.

Clemencia Novela En Espanol :: Spanish Essays

Una de las principales caracteristicas del movimiento literario romanticista es el predominio de la emocion. En la obra de Ignacio M. Altamirano, Clemencia, se encuentra este tipo de predominio y es posible demostrar que en esta novela la emocion es mas importante que la razon. Primero, por medio de los sentimientos expresados por el narrador al relatar la historia. Segundo, a traves de los personajes pricipales y sus sentimientos, especialmente los de Clemencia, quien parece ser la persona por la cual fue titulada esta novela. Y por ultimo, el tema mismo, el cual comparte una historia de amor, sufrimiento y sentimientos patrioticos.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Al comienzo de la novela el narrador indica, no solo a sus amigos reunidos en su casa, sino al lector mismo, que el nos va contar una historia de mucha emocion, â€Å"una historia de amor y de desgracia†(4). Y comienza a relatar una historia que acontecio a fines del ano 1863, â€Å"ano desgraciado en que...ocupo el ejercito frances a Mexico†(4). Al llamarlo un â€Å"ano desgraciado†, es evidente que el siente una emocion negativa sobre ese conflicto y a la vez crea en la novela un sentimiento pesimista hacia los invasores extranjeros y lo que estos hicieron en Mexico en esa epoca. El narrador exalta un gran sentimiento de carino hacia Mexico por medio de su decripcion de ciudades Mexicanas, su gente, su geografia, su flora; â€Å"Guadalajara, que justo titulo puede llamarse la reina de Occidente... semejante a una mujer dotada de hermosura regia...†(11). Y continua describiendo otros aspectos de Mexico los cuales crean sentimientos de nostalgia y orgullo por lo que el llama â€Å"las bellezas de la patria†(13). Es obvio que esos sentimientos nacionalistas y regionalistas hacen resaltar la emocion que el siete sobre su patria. Son tambien muy evidentes sus emociones personales al hablar sobre de la perdida del amor puro y el movimiento hacia el amor por lo material, â€Å"saber amar bien y cumplidamente, con ternura, con lealtad, sin interes, sin miras bastardas, sino con virtud de un sentimiento tan exaltado como puro†(14). Y va creando asi una atmosfera emotiva, talvez preparandonos para poder entender mejor a los personajes y a los acontecimientos que estos viven en la novela.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  El narrador nos introduce a los personajes por medio de una gran descripcion fisica. Pero tambien incluye una gran cantidad de caracteristicas emotivas sobre estos personajes. A Enrique Flores lo presenta como â€Å"idolatrado por sus soldados, muy querido de sus companeros y el favorito del jefe...†(6). No importa que alto su rango, todos lo querian y lo halagaban.

Developing Countries Essay -- International Political Economy, Debt

Developing countries are closely linked to debt. This is because developing countries needs to allocate more funds to resolve debt crises. Debt can create a negative effect to the host country’s economy and the social condition of a country. This issue of indebtedness is usually solved using domestic capital. Since developing countries have low income, therefore they have low level of savings. The savings are insufficient to repay debt. Thus the government resolves the issue by imposing higher tax. But this will lead to inflationary tax, which is a burden to the further generation. Therefore, the government resorts to foreign borrowings. Domestic borrowings and foreign borrowings have further increased the total debt accumulated by the nation leading them to poverty. To resolve the debt issue, foreign direct investment plays an important role as a source of fund and also in acquiring skills and knowledge. But the inflows of foreign direct investment depend on location advantage. There are various channels that determine the location advantage such as human capital development channel, financial development channel and environmental condition channel. According to Wilhelms and Stanley (1998), foreign direct investment movements are derived from the both financial transaction and non-financial transaction such as changes in price, foreign exchange and others. Figure 12 shows the foreign direct investment theory and its determinants in emerging economics. According to the foreign direct investment theory, socio culture is the oldest institution, complex and most diffused factor that influence the inflow of foreign direct investment. It is most difficult and time consuming to change. The degree to which a society is recepti... ...ivariate regression models were used to further probe the nature of the relationships between income, talent, and other factors. The adjusted R-squared values for these models are (0.57) and (0.65) respectively, suggesting a reasonably positive and robust relationship. These findings support the human capital growth by Lucas (1988), Simon (1998) and Geetha (2002). This was also supported by Eaton and Eckstein (1997) and Black and Henderson (1999) that workers are more productive when they locate around others with high levels of human capital. In addition, Romer (1990) also claims the importance of knowledge and human capital in generating economic growth through economic geography. Romer (1990) stressed that what is important for growth is integration not into an economy with a large number of people but rather into one with a large amount of human capital.

Psychology and Motivation

This essay examines the topic on ‘psychology and motivation’, where money has long been considered the most effective motivator of staff. Therefore, three specific management theories would be used in this paper to evaluate the use of monetary incentives in employee motivation. Motivation is purely a simple active process of leadership behavior. It creates conditions which drives an individual to do things right. Motivation is a built-in response in an individual and it appears within an individual instead of establishing from the outside (Baldoni, 2005). Motivation is the key to performance improvement. Unfortunately, in today’s working society, the traditional approach of monetary incentives tempts individuals only to a certain extent. Though monetary incentives are able to fulfill the basic needs (hunger, thirst and daily necessities) of an individual, it cannot ‘buy happiness’ like work satisfaction or help people attain power. Money makes people feel self-sufficient. Human beings are thus more likely to put forth effort to attain personal goals (Buchanan, 2009). Instead of using the traditional approach, employers can consider adopting another method of motivating their staff – Maslow’s theory of motivation – Hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s motivation theory shows that individuals are being motivated by unfulfilled needs (Clifford & Thorpe, 2007). According to Maslow, there are five types of needs. These needs are illustrated in the figure below. Maslow Theory of Motivation – Hierarchy of Needs (tutor2u) Maslow identified these five needs which are considered the â€Å"deficiency needs. † When one is motivated to satisfy these needs, one will work hard to achieve it. Therefore, these needs must be satisfied in order for work productivity to be improved. When these needs are satisfied, naturally, employees would want to remain in the company. Thus, employers can motivate individuals by satisfying these five types of needs mentioned by Maslow differently. For physiological motivation, employers can provide sufficient meal breaks for employees. This is done in the hope that employees can not only have sufficient time to eat a proper meal, but also time for them to rest and to be re-energized. This time can also be used for the employees to run their errands, since most shops are often closed for the day when these employees knock off. To meet the employees’ safety needs, employers can provide a safe working environment that is generally free of threats to the employees. In this way, employees would feel at ease during work as their safety is being well taken care off. If the employees have job security, it also enhances their satisfaction. For social needs, employers have to ensure that employees do feel a sense of belonging with the company. In order to do so, employers can maintain traditions and working characteristics to create a sense of belonging and of shared values and objectives. By using all means of communications, employers can create a relaxed and collaborative mood between all workers, and also to encourage a team game and a sense of responsibility in the employees. However, this would also mean transferring some of the control from the employers to the employees. For esteem motivators, employers can recognize employees’ achievements by appreciating their work in forms of incentive pay systems. Other than monetary forms, employers can also recognize their efforts in the company’s annual dinners by showing their appreciation with medals or trophies that enhance the rewarded employee’s status, allowing them to feel valued and appreciated for their hard work. Lastly, for self-actualization, employers can offer more challenging and meaningful work assignments which would require employees to be creative and innovate, so that they can progress with accordance to their long-term goals. However, not every individual is motivated by the exact same needs. Employers have to recognize such needs that each employee is pursuing and try to fulfill these needs with reasonable solutions that would benefit both parties. Thus, with employers trying their best to satisfy these five needs as mentioned by Maslow constantly, employees would be more motivated to continue working with the company as they feel valued and appreciated by employers. Thus, this shows that not only monetary incentives are able to motivate employees, the basic needs of an individual are equally essential for employees to fulfill as well. According to Frederick Herzberg’s two factory motivation theory, individuals are affected by two factors; motivation factors which include personal satisfaction and psychological growth and hygiene factors like dissatisfaction. Some typical hygiene factors that Herzberg discovered during his investigation in the U. S. A. would be working conditions, feelings of security, job, interpersonal relation and status (Management. net, 2009). Therefore, if these hygiene factors are not sufficient to the employees, they can be turned into the sources of dissatisfaction with work. For employees’ personal growth, motivation factors like recognition for achievement, responsibility of tasks and advancement to higher level tasks are needed as they are able to create job satisfaction. These factors can help to motivate an individual to perform and achieve above-average performance and effort. However, all hygiene factors must be met first in order for motivation factors to be fulfilling. The different combination of hygiene factors and motivation factors results in four scenarios. A high hygiene but low motivation factor results in an environment where employees have few complaints but are not highly motivated because they merely work for a living. If employees are motivated and yet still have complaints, this shows that the job is full of excitement and challenging, but the wages and working conditions does not meet the minimal individual requirements. The worst situation is the combination of low hygiene and low motivation where unmotivated employees have lots of complaints. Of course, the perfect situation is the combination of high hygiene and high motivation where employees are highly motivated and have fewer complaints (Tutor2u. net, 2010). Herzberg suggested that employers should focus on the people-oriented approach which emphasizes on job satisfaction through job rotation, an arrangement where employees are able to engage in a variety of jobs in the same organization to increase interest and motivation, and also to discover which is the most suitable job for them. In addition, job enrichment is yet another method where employers can enhance individual jobs, allocating more responsibilities to individuals with the aim of rewarding and inspiring the staff. A combination of the previous two methods is likely to result in the best result (Fisher, Schoenfeldt, & Shaw, 2003). In today’s work and other contexts, motivation does not necessary mean using the traditional approach of monetary incentives. Other incentives, for instance, free travel packages, movie tickets or other impromptu recognition rewards are also able to motivate employees to high performance work levels, often without the usage of large monetary incentives (Tan CH, D Torrington, 2004). In â€Å"The Human Side of Enterprise†, Douglas McGregor examined theories of individual behaviors at work, thus formulating two theories which can be categorized as Theory X and Theory Y (Accel-Team, 2010). According to McGregor, Theory X assumes workers work mainly for money and security, and dislike work and would avoid it if possible. Thus, in order for Theory X workers to achieve organizational objectives, various kinds of rewards offered by employees would be the most popular and appropriate motivator to such employees. However, on the other hand, Theory Y assumes there are workers who enjoy challenges in their work and would want more from their jobs than just mere monetary incentives. Therefore, for Theory Y workers, employers have to create a creative working environment or culture in order for employees to show and develop their creativity (Tutor2u. net, 2010). Under Theory X, employers must be careful to maintain a delicate balance between the two extremes – hard and soft approach towards employees. The hard approach refers to management using coercion, micromanagement, and reining a tight control over the employees, while a soft approach relies on taking a permissive and harmonious approach towards them, in the hope that they will cooperate when required. However, McGregor asserts that using such approaches are not the most efficient because it might result in hostility from employees if the former approach is used, or cause repeated requests for various benefits when a soft approach is used to entice the employees. On the other hand, under the Theory Y, employees’ personal goals can be aligned with organizational goals by using the employee’s own quest for fulfillment as the motivator (NetMBA. com, 2007). McGregor stressed that the soft management approach does not apply to Theory Y management and it is also recognized that some individuals may not be able to reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and therefore, tighter controls can be gradually reduced as employees develops their independence. The discussion thus far leads to the conclusion that people with more money tend to be happier than those with less – but only up to a certain extent. Money’s impact on happiness suffers from diminishing returns: once an individual have sufficient food and shelter, more cash does not bring much extra joy (Buchanan, 2009). Researchers believe that extra capital leave people less worried about their financial health, and are thus less stressed. However, ‘experimental experiences’ such as trips to the theatre or travel trips sponsored by employers brings more happiness and joy to employees rather than just monetary incentives. Though monetary incentive seems more appealing, a good experience is still able to wield its power to bring pleasure to employees.